Physics

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Book Chapter/Section
• Surface plasmon resonance waveguides and their applications: Insights from functional metal-dielectric-metal interfaces by Ganesh K., Maria Lis S S. , Nayak S. , Das P. , Bhaskar S. , Reddy N. , Hossain M. , B. Sanjeevi C. , Ramamurthy S. , N S. B. Nano-Engineering at Functional Interfaces for Multidisciplinary Applications: Electrochemistry, Photoplasmonics, Antimicrobials, and Anticancer Applications - (2025)
Journal
• Purcell enhanced laser action using a super-Tamm cavity mode by Maria Lis S S., Pandit S. , Patra S. , H. Lone F. , Singh N. , Banerjee D. , V. Nair R. , N S. B. Optics Letters 50 1869- (2025)
• Optical gain in Eu-doped hybrid nanocrystals embedded SiO2-HfO2-ZnO ternary glass-ceramic waveguides by Ghosh S., Turrell S. , Ferrari M. , N S. B. Spectroscopy Journal 3 3- (2025)
• Anomalous Lasing Behavior in a Nonlinear Plasmonic Random Laser by Yadav R., Pal S. , Jana S. , Ray S. K., Brundavanam M. M., N S. B. ACS Photonics 12 717- (2025)
• Spatio-spectral Mapping of a Microbottle Laser by Dutta S., N S. B. Optical Materials 159 116450- (2025)
• Inverse opal optical Tamm state for sensing applications by Mudi R., Carpentiero A. , Bollani M. , Barozzi M. , Debnath K. , Chiappini A. , N S. B. Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications 62 101315- (2024)
• Vertically Aligned Laser Patterned Carbon Nanotube based Strain-less Sensor for Motion Detection by Sen S., Mukherjee S. , N S. B., Jacob C. IEEE Sensors Journal 24 19220-19228 (2024)
• Sensing of Volatile Organic Compounds Using One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Bloch Surface Waves and Internal Optical Modes by Veeraghattam B., S S. , Mukherjee S. , Guha P. K., N S. B. Optics and Laser Technology 175 110818-110818 (2024)
• Plasmon-Rich BCZT Nanoparticles in Photonic Crystal-Coupled Emission Platform for Cavity Hotspot-Driven Attomolar Sensing by S S., Bhaskar S. , Dahiwadkar R. , Kanvah S. , Ramamurthy S. , N S. B. ACS Applied Nano Materials 6 19312-19326 (2023)
• Single-Molecule Cholesterol Sensing by Integrating Silver Nanowire Propagating Plasmons and Graphene Oxide Plasmons on a Photonic Crystal-Coupled Emission Platform by Bhaskar S., Maria Lis S S. , Kanvah S. , N S. B., Ramamurthy S. ACS Appl. Opt. Mater. 1 159-172 (2023)
• Morphology Dependent Excitation of Hybrid Tamm-Bandedge State in Metal Coated Opal Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystal by Mudi R., Mallik S. , Veeraghattam B. , Goswami D. K., N S. B., Debnath K. Optical Materials 140 113848-113848 (2023)
• Design and implementation of solar-powered optical fiber-based illumination and communication system for underground coal mines. by Pathak K., N S. B. Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration 40 793-805 (2023)
• Design and Implementation of Solar Powered Optical Fiber Based Illumination and Communication System for Underground Coal Mines by Mukherjee S., Kundu D. , Pathak K. , N S. B. Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration 1 1-1 (2023)
• Tracking nanoscale perturbation in active disordered media by Yadav R., Sebbah P. , Brundavanam M. M., N S. B. Phys. Rev. A 107 0235131-0235138 (2023)
• Probing the tunable optical properties of highly luminescent functionalized graphene quantum dots as downconverters for superior detection of ultraviolet radiation by Jana S., Dey T. , N S. B., Ray S. K. Materials Today Nano 24 100400-100400 (2023)
• Tracking nanoscale perturbation in active disordered media by R., P. , Brundavanam M. M., N S. B. Physical Review A 107 023513- (2023)
• Synergy between plasmonic nanocavities and random lasing modes: a tool to dequench plasmon quenched fluorophore emission by Yadav R., Pal S. , Roy S. , Debnath K. , Ray S. K., Brundavanam M. M., N S. B. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 25 28336-28349 (2023)
• Synergy between plasmonic nanocavities and random lasing modes: A tool to dequench plasmon quenched fluorophore emission by Yadav R., Pal S. , Jana S. , Roy S. , Debnath K. , Ray S. K., Brundavanam M. M., N S. B. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys 25 28336-28336 (2023)
• Mapping the geometry dependent relative stress in stretched polymer membranes by polarization and interferometric techniques by Pathak K., N S. B. Optical Materials 137 1-8 (2023)
• Mapping the Geometry Dependent Relative Stress in Stretched Polymer Membranes by Polarization and Interferometric Techniques by Mukherjee S., Pathak K. , N S. B. Optical Materials 137 1135951-1135958 (2023)
• Femtosecond laser micromachined one-dimensional photonic crystal channel waveguides by Lis S. M., K. , Debnath K. , V. K. , N S. B. Optical Materials 126 112114-112114 (2022)
• Glassy behavior of modes in lasing systems with varying openness: random and whispering gallery by Choubey P. S., Varshney S. K., N S. B. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 839 3059-3065 (2022)
• Synergistic Effects of Plasmonic Au Nanoislands on a MoSe2 Nanoflake/ZnO Nanorod Heterostructure for an Enhanced Broadband Photoresponse by Jana S., Pal S. , N S. B., Ray S. K. ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 5 18106-18115 (2022)
• Plasmonic Silver Nanoparticle-Mediated Enhanced Broadband Photoresponse of Few-Layer Phosphorene/Si Vertical Heterojunctions by Jana S., Mukherjee S. , N S. B., Ray S. K. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 14 1699-1709 (2022)
• Plasmonic-Silver Sorets and Dielectric-Nd2O3 nanorods for Ultrasensitive Photonic Crystal-Coupled Emission by Bhaskar S., Das P., Srinivasan V., Bhaktha S.B.N., Ramamurthy S.S. Materials Research Bulletin 145 - (2022)
• High-quality-factor dye-doped polymeric microdiscs fabricated by soft imprint lithography by Kumar B., Choubey P.S., Bhaktha B.N.S. European Physical Journal: Special Topics 231 781-789 (2022)
• Replica symmetry breaking in coherent and incoherent random lasing modes by Sarkar A., N S. B. Optics Letters 46 5169-5172 (2021)
• Photoplasmonic assembly of dielectric-metal, Nd2O3-Gold soret nanointerfaces for dequenching the luminophore emission by Bhaskar S., Das P., Moronshing M., Rai A., Subramaniam C., Bhaktha S.B.N., Ramamurthy S.S. Nanophotonics 10 3417-3431 (2021)
• Elastic orange emissive single crystals of 1, 3-diamino-2, 4, 5, 6-tetrabromobenzene as flexible optical waveguides by Gude V., Choube P. , Das S. , N S. B., Reddy C. M., Biradha K. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 9 9465-9472 (2021)
• Temporal dynamics of photonic stop-band in volatile solvent infiltrated opals by Veeraghattam B., Guha P.K., Bhaktha B.N.S. Optical Materials 117 - (2021)
• Bloch Surface Waves and Internal Optical Modes-Driven Photonic Crystal-Coupled Emission Platform for Femtomolar Detection of Aluminum Ions by Bhaskar S., Das P., Srinivasan V., Bhaktha B. N. S., Ramamurthy S.S. Journal of Physical Chemistry C 124 7341-7352 (2020)
• Design and Synthesis of Perfluoroalkyl Decorated BODIPY Dye for Random Laser Action in a Microfluidic Device by Maity A., Sarkar A. , N S. B., Patra S. K. New Journal of Chemistry 44 14650-14661 (2020)
• Origin of light scattering in dye doped polymeric waveguides and the dependence of excitation geometry on coherent random lasing by Choubey P., Ojha N N S. , Ghosh S. , Varshney S. K., Bhaktha Bn S. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 53 245104- (2020)
• Random laser spectroscopy and replica symmetry breaking phase transitions in a solvent-rich polymer thin film waveguide by Choubey P.S., Sarkar A., Varshney S.K., Bhaktha S.B.N. Journal of the Optical Society of America B: Optical Physics 37 2505-2513 (2020)
• Negative Thermal Quenching and Size-Dependent Optical Characteristics of Highly Luminescent Phosphorene Nanocrystals by Jana S., Mukherjee S., Ghorai A., Bhaktha S.B.N., Ray S.K. Advanced Optical Materials 8 - (2020)
• Replica Symmetry Breaking in a Weakly Scattering Optofluidic Random Laser by Sarkar A., Bhaktha B.N.S., Andreasen J. Scientific Reports 10 - (2020)
• Resonant and non-resonant coupling of one-dimensional microcavity mode and optical Tamm state by Das P., Mukherjee S., Jana S., Ray S.K., Shivakiran Bhaktha B.N. Journal of Optics (United Kingdom) 22 - (2020)
• Ultrafast Investigation of Individual Bright Exciton Plasmon Polaritons in Size-Tunable Metal WS2 Hybrid Nanostructures by Chowdhury R.K., Datta P.K., Bhaktha S.N.B., Ray S.K. Advanced Optical Materials 8 - (2020)
• Ultrafast real-time observation of double Fano resonances in discrete excitons and single plasmon-continuum by Chowdhury R.K., Mukherjee S., Bhaktha S.N.B., Ray S.K. Physical Review B 101 - (2020)
• Superior Resonant Nanocavities Engineering on the Photonic Crystal-Coupled Emission Platform for the Detection of Femtomolar Iodide and Zeptomolar Cortisol by Bhaskar S., Kumar Singh A. , Das P. , Jana P. , Kanvah S. , Bhaktha Bn S. , Ramamurthy S. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12 34323- (2020)
• Estimation of Fiber-Waveguide Coupling Loss and Waveguide Propagation Loss by Spectral Analysis by Sattibabu R., Shivakiran Bhaktha B.N., Ganguly P. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 31 517-520 (2019)
• Effect of Laser Irradiation on Graphene Oxide Integrated TE-Pass Waveguide Polarizer by Ghosh S., Mandal D. , Chandra A. , Bhaktha Bn S. Journal of Lightwave Technology 37 2380-2385 (2019)
• Ultrafast time-resolved investigations of excitons and biexcitons at room temperature in layered WS2 by Chowdhury R.K., Nandy S., Bhattacharya S., Karmakar M., Bhaktha S.N.B., Datta P.K., Taraphder A., Ray S.K. 2D Materials 6 - (2019)
• Optical Tamm state aided room-temperature amplified spontaneous emission from carbon quantum dots embedded one-dimensional photonic crystals by Das P., Mukherjee S., Wan M., Ray S.K., Shivakiran Bhaktha B.N. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 52 - (2019)
• Effect of structural evolution of ZnO/HfO2 nanocrystals on Eu2+/Eu3+ emission in glass-ceramic waveguides for photonic applications by Ghosh S., Shivakiran Bhaktha B.N. Nanotechnology 29 - (2018)
• Time-resolved photoluminescence studies in Eu-doped SiO2 HfO2 ZnO glass-ceramic waveguides by Ghosh S., Valligatla S. , Lukowiak A. , Chiasera A. , Ferrari M. , Bhaktha Bn S. Ceramics International 43 1145- (2017)
• Sol-gel-derived glass-ceramic photorefractive films for photonic structures by Lukowiak A., Zur L. , Tran T. , Meneghetti M. , Berneschi S. , Conti G. , Pelli S. , Trono C. , Bhaktha Bn S. , Zonta D. , Taccheo S. , Righini G. , Ferrari M. Crystals 7 61- (2017)
• Effect of Photonic Stop-band on the Modes of a Weakly Scattering DCM-PVA Waveguide Random Laser by Sarkar A., Ojha N. , Bhaktha Bn S. Appl. Phys. Lett. 110 251104- (2017)
• Heat-treatment controlled structural and optical properties of sol-gel fabricated Eu:ZnO thin films by Ghosh S., K U. , Bhaktha Bn S. Optical Materials 64 288- (2017)
• Synthesis, Photophysical and Concentration Dependent Tunable Lasing Behavior of 2,6-Diacetynyl Functionalized BODIPY Dyes by Maity A., Sarkar A. , Sil A. , Bhaktha Bn S. , Patra S. K. New Journal of Chemistry 41 2296- (2017)
• Optofluidic 2-D grating volume refractive index sensor by Sarkar A., Bhaktha Bn S. , Khastgir S. P. Applied Optics 55 7247- (2016)
• Efficient control of ultrafast optical nonlinearity of reduced graphene oxide by infrared reduction by Bhattachraya S., Maiti R. , Das A. , Saha S. , Mondal S. , Ray S. K., Bhaktha Bn S. , Datta P. K. J. Appl. Phys. 120 013101- (2016)
• Plasmonic enhanced optical characteristics of Ag nanostructured ZnO thin films by Sarkar A., Gogurla N. , Bhaktha Bn S. , Ray S. K. Materials Research Express 3 046403- (2016)
• Eu-doped ZnO-HfO2 hybrid nanocrystal-embedded low-loss glass-ceramic waveguides by Subhabrata Ghosh and Shivakiran Bhaktha B. N. Nanotechnology 27 - (2016)
• Mono- to few-layered graphene oxide embedded randomness assisted microcavity amplified spontaneous emission source by Pratyusha Das, Rishi Maiti, Prahalad K. Barman, Samit K. Ray and Shivakiran Bhaktha B.N. Nanotechnology 27 - (2016)
• Signatures of periodicity and randomness in the angular emission profile of a 2-D on-average periodic optofluidic random laser by Anirban Sarkar, Shivakiran Bhaktha B. N. Optics Letters 40 - (2015)
• Partially pumped random lasers by Jonathan Andreasen, Nicolas Bachelard, Shivakiran Bhaktha B. N., Hui Cao, Patrick Sebbah, and Christian Vanneste International Journal of Modern Physics B. (Review article) 28 - (2014)
• Sol-gel fabrication and characterization of ZnO and Zn2SiO4 nanoparticles embedded silica glass-ceramic waveguides by Kumara Raja Kandula, Anirban Sarkar, and B. N. Shivakiran Bhaktha Optical Materials Express 3 - (2013)
• Optofluidic random laser by Shivakiran Bhaktha B.N., Nicolas Bachelard, Xavier Noblin, Patrick Sebbah Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 - (2012)
• Enhanced fluorescence from Eu3+ in low-loss silica glass-ceramic waveguides with high SnO2 content by S.N.B. Bhaktha, F. Beclin, M. Bouazaoui, B. Capoen, A. Chiasera, M. Ferrari, C. Kinowski, G.C. Righini, O. Robbe, S. Turrell Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 211904-1 (2008)
Workshop
• Photonic Crystal Platforms for the Development of Ultrasensitive Sensors by N S. B., Bhaskar S. , Maria Lis S. S. , Das P. , Veeraghattam B. , Yadav R. , Mukherjee S. , Pandit S. , Ramamurth S. SPARC Indo-Australian Workshop on Advanced Materials - (2025)
Seminars
• The Quantized Modes of Photonic Structures by N S. B. National Science Day Celebrations - (2025)
Patent
• A LASER IGNITION SYSTEM FOR AIRCRAFT GAS TURBINE COMBUSTORS AND METHOD THEREOF by Joarder R., Pandey S. , S S. , Kumar A. , N S. B., Sinhamahapatra K. P. - (2024)
Conferences
• Ultrasensitive Nanophotonic Structures: From Order to Disorder by N S. B. 16th International Conference on Fiber Optics and Photonics, Photonics 2024 - (2024)
• Fabrication of polymer waveguides on fiber reinforced material for high-speed data communication by Soni V., Dey P. , Mitra S. , Sharma B. , Ganguly P. , N S. B. 16th International Conference on Fiber Optics and Photonics, Photonics 2024 - (2024)
• Spatial Correlation of Whispering Gallery Modes in an Active Micro-Bottle Resonator by Dutta S., Pandit S., Bhaktha S.B.N. 2024 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2024 - (2024)
• Hybrid Anapole State in Hexagonal-Ring Shape All-Dielectric Metasurface by Pradhan M., Sharma S., Bhaktha S.B.N., Varshney S.K. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 1245 LNEE 25-31 (2024)
• Magnetoelectric coupling in partial double-slotted all-dielectric resonator by Pradhan M., Sharma S., Bhaktha S.B.N., Varshney S.K. 2023 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and European Quantum Electronics Conference, CLEO/Europe-EQEC 2023 - (2023)
• Tamm Mode-Aided Amplified Spontaneous Emission in One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Super-Tamm Structure by Sudha Maria Lis S., Pandit S., Patra S., Banerjee D., Bhaktha S.B.N. 2023 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2023 - (2023)
• Spectral Narrowing of Amplified Spontaneous Emission in One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Super Tamm Structure by Lis S S., Pandit S. , Patra S. , Banerjee D. , N S. B. COPaQ-2022, Conference on Optics, Photonics and Quantum optics 1-1 (2022)
• Fabrication of dye doped polymer micro disc resonators using electron beam lithography by Dutta S., N S. B. COPaQ-2022, Conference on Optics, Photonics and Quantum optics 1-1 (2022)
• Studies on the Polarization Properties of the Modes of Optofluidic Random Laser by Yadav R., Brundavanam M. M., N S. B. COPaQ-2022, Conference on Optics, Photonics and Quantum optics 1-1 (2022)
• Tamm state in three-dimensional opal based photonic crystal by Debnath K., Mudi R. , N S. B. Frontiers in Optics: The OSA Annual Meeting and Exhibit/Laser Science - (2022)
• Optical crack monitoring in mines using three different optical strain detection technique by Mukherjee S., Pathak K. , N S. B. COPaQ-2022, Conference on Optics, Photonics and Quantum optics 1-1 (2022)
• Mechanical tunability of three-dimensional photonic crystal inverse opal based structures by Mudi R., N S. B., Debnath K. COPaQ-2022, Conference on Optics, Photonics and Quantum optics 1-1 (2022)
• Whispering gallery mode assisted random lasing in dye-doped PVA coated silica microsphere by Choubey P.S., Varshney S.K., Bhaktha S.B.N. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 10687 - (2018)
• Carbon-dots embedded glass based inverse micropillar structures by two-photon polymerization process by Das P., Wan M., Mukherjee S., Ray S.K., Shivakiran Bhaktha B.N. Optics InfoBase Conference Papers Part F114-FIO 2018 - (2018)
• Carbon-dots Embedded Glass Based Inverse Micropillar Structures by Two-photon Polymerization Process by Das P., Wan M. , Mukherjee S. , Ray S. K., N S. B. Frontiers in Optics: The OSA Annual Meeting and Exhibit/Laser Science - (2018)
• Effect of Whispering-Gallery Modes on Random Lasing from Dye Doped Polymer Bottle Resonator by Choubey P. S., Varshney S. K., N S. B. Photonics-2018 - (2018)
• Effect of ZnO-HfO 2 hybrid nanocrystals on amplified spontaneous emission in Eu-doped ternary glass-ceramic waveguides by Ghosh S., Bhaktha S.N.B. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 10683 - (2018)
• Studies on carbon dots embedded Tamm plasmon polariton structures by Das P., Mukherjee S., Wan M., Ray S.K., Bhaktha S.B.N. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 10683 - (2018)
• Studies on coupling between guided modes and tamm states in one-dimensional photonic crystals by Maria Lis S. S., Das P. , Wan M. , Bhaktha Bn S. Photonics Europe - (2018)
• Optical properties of Tamm states in metal grating-one dimensional photonic crystal structures by Sudha Maria Lis S., Das P., Wan M., Bhaktha S. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 10672 - (2018)
• Fabrication of active microdisc resonators using solvent immersion imprint lithography by Choubey P.S., Varshney S.K., Shivakiran Bhaktha B.N. Optics InfoBase Conference Papers Part F114-FIO 2018 - (2018)
• Mapping the Lasing Modes of a Weakly Scattering 2-D Optofluidic Random Laser by a Pump-Probe Technique by Sarkar A., Andreasen J. , Bhaktha Bn S. UK-Israel Shaoul Fund & Xin Center IAS* International Workshop on Emerging Applications of Optical Nanostructures - (2017)
• Spatial Distribution of Lasing Modes in an Optofluidic Random Laser Mapped by a Pump-Probe Technique by Sarkar A., Andreasen J. , Bhaktha Bn S. International Conference on Complex Photonics - (2017)
• Eu-doped ZnO-HfO2 hybrid nanocrystals embedded glass-ceramic waveguides as blue-light emitting source by Ghosh S., Bhaktha Bn S. Frontiers in Optics (FiO) - (2016)
• Few-layered graphene oxide embedded 1DPhC microcavity for amplified spontaneous emission source by Das P., Maiti R. , Baratto C. , Sberveglieri G. , Bhaktha Bn S. , Ray S. K. Graphene 2016 - (2016)
• Boundary-concentrated Modes of a 2-D Optofluidic Random Laser Mapped Using a Pump-probe Technique by Sarkar A., Andreasen J. , Bhaktha Bn S. Frontiers in Optics (FiO) - (2016)
Symposium
• Plasmonic and polarization effects in a strongly scattering random laser by R., S. , S. , S. , Brundavanam M. M., N S. B. National Laser Symposium-31 - (2022)
• Plasmonic and polarization effects in a strongly scattering random laser by Yadav R., Pal S. , Jana S. , Ray S. K., Brundavanam M. M., N S. B. National Laser Symposium NLS-31 1-1 (2022)
• Plasmonic Au-Nanoislands Mediated Enhanced Photoresponse of 2D MoSe2 Nanoflakes/1D ZnO Nanorods Mixed-Dimensional Heterostructure by Jana S., Pal S. , N S. B., Ray S. K. National Laser Symposium NLS-31 1-1 (2022)
• Random Laser Emission in One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Super Tamm Structure by S Lis S., Pandit S. , Patra S. , Dutta S. , Banerjee D. , N S. B. National Laser Symposium NLS-31 1-1 (2022)
• Laser micromachined Moiré pattern strain sensors on polymer membrane by Mukherjee S., Pandit S. , Kumar R. , Pathak K. , N S. B. DAE-BRNS National Laser Symposium NLS-31 1-1 (2022)
• Dye doped polymer inverse opal random laser for refractive index sensing by Veeraghattam B., Yadav R. , Guha P. K., N S. B. National Laser Symposium NLS-31 1-1 (2022)

Principal Investigator

• Development of rare-earth doped low-loss glass-ceramic waveguides by sol-gel technique for photonics applications
• Experimental investigation of the modes of random laser in disordered microfluidic channels
• Green photonics using semiconductor nanostructures
• Optical Fiber Based Solar Illumination of Pit Bottom and Underground Mine Roadways and Working Face
• Development of Wearable On-Chip Spectrometer for Monitoring Respiratory Motion
• Development of Random Laser Spectroscopy as a Probe to Study the Evolution of Polymer Thin Films
• Design and development of optical interconnects

Co-Principal Investigator

• Development of AI Platform for Screening and Monitoring of Respiratory Problems based on Respiratory Sounds and Oxygen saturation SpO2 and a Supplementary Project IOT based Respiratory Health Monitoring and Covid Symptom Detection at Home
• Generation of Exciton-polariton Laser using Two Dimensional Semiconductor Embedded Optical Microcavity
• Micro/Nano manufacturing and characterization facility for robotics in nano-scale manipulation
• On-Chip Nanophotonic Sources: Stabilized Frequency Comb and Plasmonic Microcavit Sources
• On-chip Nanophotonic Sources: Stabilized Frequency Comb and Plasmonic Microcavit Sources
• On-Chip Nanophotonic Sources: Stabilized Frequency Comb and Plasmonic Microcavit Sources
• Solid State Quantum Optical Devices using 2D Materials
• Studies on ultrafast processes in electronics, spintronics, magnonics and photonics (SGDRI)
• Study of Double Pulse Laser Ignition of an Atomized Fuel-air Mixture